* 출처 : R3Net (http://www.r3net.org) 
* 원문 : http://bob.nap.edu/html/youth_internet


Youth, Pornography and the Internet 

2002. 5. 2 , US, National Academy of Sciences (National Research Council) 


Contents 


Title Page and Notice 
National Academies Statement 
Committee 
Preface 

 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  

 
Part I 

 
1 INTRODUCTION 
  1.1 The Internet: Source of Promise, Source of Concern 
  1.2 A Critical Definitional Issue--What Is "Pornography"? 
  1.3 Other Types of Inappropriate Material and Experiences 
  1.4 A Broad Spectrum of Opinion and Views 
  1.5 Focus and Structure of This Report 

 
2 TECHNOLOGY 
  2.1 An Orientation to Cyberspace and the Internet 
  2.2 Technologies of Information Retrieval 
  2.3 Technologies Related to Access Control and Policy Enforcement 
  2.4 What the Future May Bring 

 
3 THE ADULT ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY 
  3.1 The Structure and Scale of the Online Adult Entertainment Industry 
  3.2 The Generation of Revenue 
  3.3 Practices Related To Minors 
  3.4 What the Future Might Hold? 
  3.5 Industry Structure, Product Differentiation, and Aggressive Promotion 

 
4 LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES 
  4.1 The First Amendment 
  4.2 Relevant Statutes and Common Law 
  4.3 Law Enforcement, Training, and Education 

 
5 CHILDREN, MEDIA, AND EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL 
  5.1 Children and How They Use Media 
  5.2 Sexuality in Culture 
  5.3 The Role of Media in Providing Information on Sexuality to Youth 
  5.4 Dimensions of Exposure and Access to the Internet 
  5.5 Internet Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material, Solicitations, and
Harassment 

 
6 THE RESEARCH BASE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL:
WHAT THEORY AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OFFER 
  6.1 Theoretical Considerations 
  6.2 Empirical Work  
  6.3 Factors Affecting the Impact on Minors of Exposure to Sexually Explicit
Material 

 
7 BEYOND THE SCIENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT AND THE PUBLIC DEBATE  
  7.1 Challenges to Parents 
  7.2 Speculations and Other Perspectives on Possible Impact 
  7.3 Rhetorical Concerns and Issues of Public Debate 
  7.4 Judgments in the Absence of a Reliable Research Base 
  7.5 Concluding Observations 

 
Part II 

 
8 APPROACHES TO PROTECTION FROM INAPPROPRIATE MATERIAL 
  8.1 The Identification of Inappropriate Material 
  8.2 Dimensions of "Protection" 
  8.3 The Time Line of Protective Actions 
  8.4 Differing Institutional Missions of Schools and Libraries 
  8.5 The Politics of Protection and Inappropriate Material--Who and When? 
  8.6 Techniques of Protection 
  8.7 Approaches to Protection 

 
9 LEGAL AND REGULATORY TOOLS 
  9.1 Vigorous Prosecutions of Obscene Material 
  9.2 Civil Liability for Presenting Obscene Material on the Internet 
  9.3 Options for Dealing with Material That Is Obscene for Minors 
  9.4 Enforcement of Record-Keeping Requirements 
  9.5 Streamlining the Process of Handling Violations 
  9.6 Self-Regulatory Approaches 
  9.7 General Observations 

 
10 SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY
RESPONSIBILITY 
  10.1 Foundations of Responsible Choice 
  10.2 Definition of a Social or Educational Strategy 
  10.3 Contextual Issues for Social and Educational Strategies 
  10.4 Parental Involvement and Supervision 
  10.5 Peer Assistance 
  10.6 Acceptable Use Policies 
  10.7 After-The-Fact Strategies 
  10.8 Education 
  10.9 Compelling and Safe Content 
  10.10 Public Service Announcements and Media Campaigns 
  10.11 Findings/Observations about Social and Educational Strategies 

 
11 A PERSPECTIVE ON TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS 
  11.1 Technology-Based Tools 
  11.2 Contextual Issues For Technology-Based Tools 
  11.3 The Questions to Be Asked of Each Tool 

 
12 TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS FOR USERS 
  12.1 Filtering and Content-Limited Access 
  12.2 Monitoring 
  12.3 Tools for Controlling or Limiting "Spam" 
  12.4 Instant Help 

 
13 TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS AVAILABLE TO NON-END USERS 
  13.1 A .xxx Top-Level Domain 
  13.2 A .kids Top-Level Domain 
  13.3 Age Verification Technologies 
  13.4. Tools for Protecting Intellectual Property 

 
Part III 

 
14 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE NEEDS 
  14.1 Framing the Issue 
  14.2 On the Impact on Children of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material
and Experiences 
  14.3 On Approaches to Protection 
  14.4 Trade-offs and Complexity 
  14.5 Take-Away Messages for Different Parties 
  14.6 Research Needs  
  14.7 Conclusion 

 
APPENDIXES 

 
A INFORMATION GATHERING SESSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE 
  A.1 Plenary Meeting of July 17-19, 2000 
  A.2 Plenary Meeting of October 18-20, 2000 
  A.3 Public Workshop of December 13, 2000 
  A.4 Plenary Meeting of March 7-9, 2001 
  A.5 Site Visit to Austin, Texas, April 3-4, 2001 
  A.6 Site Visit to Blacksburg, Virginia, May 8-9, 2001 
  A.7 Site Visit to Greenville, South Carolina, April 17-18, 2001 
  A.8 Site Visit to Coral Gables, Florida, May 31-June 1, 2001 
  A.9 Site Visit to Salt Lake City, Utah, April 26-27, 2001 
  A.10 Site Visit to San Diego, California, May 2-3, 2001 
  A.11 Site Visit to Shelton, Redding, Bristol, Kent, and Hamden,
Connecticut, June 1-2, 2001 

 
B GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS 

 
C SELECTED TECHNOLOGY ISSUES 
  C.1 Information Retrieval Technologies 
  C.2 Search Engines and Other Operational Information Retrieval Systems 
  C.3 Location Verification 
  C.4 User Interfaces 

 
D SITE VISIT SYNTHESIS 
  D.1 Background 
  D.2 Recurring Themes 

 
E BIOGRAPHIES 
  E.1 Committee Members 
  E.2 Staff Members