Title Page
and Notice |
National
Academies Statement |
Committee |
Preface |
|
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY |
|
Part I |
|
1 |
INTRODUCTION |
|
1.1 |
The Internet: Source of Promise, Source of Concern |
|
1.2 |
A Critical Definitional Issue--What Is "Pornography"? |
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1.3 |
Other Types of Inappropriate Material and Experiences |
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1.4 |
A Broad Spectrum of Opinion and Views |
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1.5 |
Focus and Structure of This Report |
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2 |
TECHNOLOGY |
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2.1 |
An Orientation to Cyberspace and the Internet |
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2.2 |
Technologies of Information Retrieval |
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2.3 |
Technologies Related to Access Control and Policy
Enforcement |
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2.4 |
What the Future May Bring |
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3 |
THE ADULT
ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY |
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3.1 |
The Structure and Scale of the Online Adult Entertainment
Industry |
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3.2 |
The Generation of Revenue |
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3.3 |
Practices Related To Minors |
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3.4 |
What the Future Might Hold? |
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3.5 |
Industry Structure, Product Differentiation, and Aggressive
Promotion |
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4 |
LEGAL AND
REGULATORY ISSUES |
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4.1 |
The First Amendment |
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4.2 |
Relevant Statutes and Common Law |
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4.3 |
Law Enforcement, Training, and Education |
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5 |
CHILDREN,
MEDIA, AND EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL |
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5.1 |
Children and How They Use Media |
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5.2 |
Sexuality in Culture |
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5.3 |
The Role of Media in Providing Information on Sexuality to
Youth |
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5.4 |
Dimensions of Exposure and Access to the Internet |
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5.5 |
Internet Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material, Solicitations,
and Harassment |
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6 |
THE RESEARCH
BASE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL: WHAT
THEORY AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OFFER |
|
6.1 |
Theoretical Considerations |
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6.2 |
Empirical Work |
|
|
6.3 |
Factors Affecting the Impact on Minors of Exposure to Sexually
Explicit Material |
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7 |
BEYOND THE
SCIENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT AND THE PUBLIC DEBATE |
|
|
7.1 |
Challenges to Parents |
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7.2 |
Speculations and Other Perspectives on Possible Impact |
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7.3 |
Rhetorical Concerns and Issues of Public Debate |
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7.4 |
Judgments in the Absence of a Reliable Research Base |
|
7.5 |
Concluding Observations |
|
Part II |
|
8 |
APPROACHES TO
PROTECTION FROM INAPPROPRIATE MATERIAL |
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8.1 |
The Identification of Inappropriate Material |
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8.2 |
Dimensions of "Protection" |
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8.3 |
The Time Line of Protective Actions |
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8.4 |
Differing Institutional Missions of Schools and Libraries |
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8.5 |
The Politics of Protection and Inappropriate Material--Who and
When? |
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8.6 |
Techniques of Protection |
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8.7 |
Approaches to Protection |
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9 |
LEGAL AND
REGULATORY TOOLS |
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9.1 |
Vigorous Prosecutions of Obscene Material |
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9.2 |
Civil Liability for Presenting Obscene Material on the
Internet |
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9.3 |
Options for Dealing with Material That Is Obscene for
Minors |
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9.4 |
Enforcement of Record-Keeping Requirements |
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9.5 |
Streamlining the Process of Handling Violations |
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9.6 |
Self-Regulatory Approaches |
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9.7 |
General Observations |
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10 |
SOCIAL AND
EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY
RESPONSIBILITY |
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10.1 |
Foundations of Responsible Choice |
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10.2 |
Definition of a Social or Educational Strategy |
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10.3 |
Contextual Issues for Social and Educational Strategies |
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10.4 |
Parental Involvement and Supervision |
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10.5 |
Peer Assistance |
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10.6 |
Acceptable Use Policies |
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10.7 |
After-The-Fact Strategies |
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10.8 |
Education |
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10.9 |
Compelling and Safe Content |
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10.10 |
Public Service Announcements and Media Campaigns |
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10.11 |
Findings/Observations about Social and Educational
Strategies |
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11 |
A
PERSPECTIVE ON TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS |
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11.1 |
Technology-Based Tools |
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11.2 |
Contextual Issues For Technology-Based Tools |
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11.3 |
The Questions to Be Asked of Each Tool |
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12 |
TECHNOLOGY-BASED
TOOLS FOR USERS |
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12.1 |
Filtering and Content-Limited Access |
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12.2 |
Monitoring |
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12.3 |
Tools for Controlling or Limiting "Spam" |
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12.4 |
Instant Help |
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13 |
TECHNOLOGY-BASED
TOOLS AVAILABLE TO NON-END USERS |
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13.1 |
A .xxx Top-Level Domain |
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13.2 |
A .kids Top-Level Domain |
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13.3 |
Age Verification Technologies |
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13.4. |
Tools for Protecting Intellectual Property |
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Part III |
|
14 |
FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE NEEDS |
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14.1 |
Framing the Issue |
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14.2 |
On the Impact on Children of Exposure to Sexually Explicit
Material and Experiences |
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14.3 |
On Approaches to Protection |
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14.4 |
Trade-offs and Complexity |
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14.5 |
Take-Away Messages for Different Parties |
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14.6 |
Research Needs |
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14.7 |
Conclusion |
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APPENDIXES |
|
A |
INFORMATION
GATHERING SESSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE |
|
A.1 |
Plenary Meeting of July 17-19, 2000 |
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A.2 |
Plenary Meeting of October 18-20, 2000 |
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A.3 |
Public Workshop of December 13, 2000 |
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A.4 |
Plenary Meeting of March 7-9, 2001 |
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A.5 |
Site Visit to Austin, Texas, April 3-4, 2001 |
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A.6 |
Site Visit to Blacksburg, Virginia, May 8-9, 2001 |
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A.7 |
Site Visit to Greenville, South Carolina, April 17-18,
2001 |
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A.8 |
Site Visit to Coral Gables, Florida, May 31-June 1, 2001 |
|
A.9 |
Site Visit to Salt Lake City, Utah, April 26-27, 2001 |
|
A.10 |
Site Visit to San Diego, California, May 2-3, 2001 |
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A.11 |
Site Visit to Shelton, Redding, Bristol, Kent, and Hamden,
Connecticut, June 1-2, 2001 |
|
B |
GLOSSARY AND
ACRONYMS |
|
C |
SELECTED
TECHNOLOGY ISSUES |
|
C.1 |
Information Retrieval Technologies |
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C.2 |
Search Engines and Other Operational Information Retrieval
Systems |
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C.3 |
Location Verification |
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C.4 |
User Interfaces |
|
D |
SITE VISIT
SYNTHESIS |
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D.1 |
Background |
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D.2 |
Recurring Themes |
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E |
BIOGRAPHIES |
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E.1 |
Committee Members |
|
E.2 |
Staff Members |