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* 원문 : http://bob.nap.edu/html/youth_internet


Youth, Pornography and the Internet

2002. 5. 2 , US, National Academy of Sciences (National Research Council)


Contents


Title Page and Notice
National Academies Statement
Committee
Preface


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Part I


1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Internet: Source of Promise, Source of Concern
1.2 A Critical Definitional Issue--What Is "Pornography"?
1.3 Other Types of Inappropriate Material and Experiences
1.4 A Broad Spectrum of Opinion and Views
1.5 Focus and Structure of This Report


2 TECHNOLOGY
2.1 An Orientation to Cyberspace and the Internet
2.2 Technologies of Information Retrieval
2.3 Technologies Related to Access Control and Policy Enforcement
2.4 What the Future May Bring


3 THE ADULT ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY
3.1 The Structure and Scale of the Online Adult Entertainment Industry
3.2 The Generation of Revenue
3.3 Practices Related To Minors
3.4 What the Future Might Hold?
3.5 Industry Structure, Product Differentiation, and Aggressive Promotion


4 LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES
4.1 The First Amendment
4.2 Relevant Statutes and Common Law
4.3 Law Enforcement, Training, and Education


5 CHILDREN, MEDIA, AND EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL
5.1 Children and How They Use Media
5.2 Sexuality in Culture
5.3 The Role of Media in Providing Information on Sexuality to Youth
5.4 Dimensions of Exposure and Access to the Internet
5.5 Internet Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material, Solicitations, and Harassment


6 THE RESEARCH BASE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIAL: WHAT THEORY AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OFFER
6.1 Theoretical Considerations
6.2 Empirical Work
6.3 Factors Affecting the Impact on Minors of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material


7 BEYOND THE SCIENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT AND THE PUBLIC DEBATE
7.1 Challenges to Parents
7.2 Speculations and Other Perspectives on Possible Impact
7.3 Rhetorical Concerns and Issues of Public Debate
7.4 Judgments in the Absence of a Reliable Research Base
7.5 Concluding Observations


Part II


8 APPROACHES TO PROTECTION FROM INAPPROPRIATE MATERIAL
8.1 The Identification of Inappropriate Material
8.2 Dimensions of "Protection"
8.3 The Time Line of Protective Actions
8.4 Differing Institutional Missions of Schools and Libraries
8.5 The Politics of Protection and Inappropriate Material--Who and When?
8.6 Techniques of Protection
8.7 Approaches to Protection


9 LEGAL AND REGULATORY TOOLS
9.1 Vigorous Prosecutions of Obscene Material
9.2 Civil Liability for Presenting Obscene Material on the Internet
9.3 Options for Dealing with Material That Is Obscene for Minors
9.4 Enforcement of Record-Keeping Requirements
9.5 Streamlining the Process of Handling Violations
9.6 Self-Regulatory Approaches
9.7 General Observations


10 SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP AND PERSONAL COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY
10.1 Foundations of Responsible Choice
10.2 Definition of a Social or Educational Strategy
10.3 Contextual Issues for Social and Educational Strategies
10.4 Parental Involvement and Supervision
10.5 Peer Assistance
10.6 Acceptable Use Policies
10.7 After-The-Fact Strategies
10.8 Education
10.9 Compelling and Safe Content
10.10 Public Service Announcements and Media Campaigns
10.11 Findings/Observations about Social and Educational Strategies


11 A PERSPECTIVE ON TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS
11.1 Technology-Based Tools
11.2 Contextual Issues For Technology-Based Tools
11.3 The Questions to Be Asked of Each Tool


12 TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS FOR USERS
12.1 Filtering and Content-Limited Access
12.2 Monitoring
12.3 Tools for Controlling or Limiting "Spam"
12.4 Instant Help


13 TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS AVAILABLE TO NON-END USERS
13.1 A .xxx Top-Level Domain
13.2 A .kids Top-Level Domain
13.3 Age Verification Technologies
13.4. Tools for Protecting Intellectual Property


Part III


14 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE NEEDS
14.1 Framing the Issue
14.2 On the Impact on Children of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material and Experiences
14.3 On Approaches to Protection
14.4 Trade-offs and Complexity
14.5 Take-Away Messages for Different Parties
14.6 Research Needs
14.7 Conclusion


APPENDIXES


A INFORMATION GATHERING SESSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE
A.1 Plenary Meeting of July 17-19, 2000
A.2 Plenary Meeting of October 18-20, 2000
A.3 Public Workshop of December 13, 2000
A.4 Plenary Meeting of March 7-9, 2001
A.5 Site Visit to Austin, Texas, April 3-4, 2001
A.6 Site Visit to Blacksburg, Virginia, May 8-9, 2001
A.7 Site Visit to Greenville, South Carolina, April 17-18, 2001
A.8 Site Visit to Coral Gables, Florida, May 31-June 1, 2001
A.9 Site Visit to Salt Lake City, Utah, April 26-27, 2001
A.10 Site Visit to San Diego, California, May 2-3, 2001
A.11 Site Visit to Shelton, Redding, Bristol, Kent, and Hamden, Connecticut, June 1-2, 2001


B GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS


C SELECTED TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
C.1 Information Retrieval Technologies
C.2 Search Engines and Other Operational Information Retrieval Systems
C.3 Location Verification
C.4 User Interfaces


D SITE VISIT SYNTHESIS
D.1 Background
D.2 Recurring Themes


E BIOGRAPHIES
E.1 Committee Members
E.2 Staff Members

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